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VNT turbocharger with variable
turbine geometry
The four-cylinder Mercedes-Benz CDI engines are now into their second generation. These engines now feature a VNT (= variable nozzle turbine) turbocharger.
The effect of the VNT turbocharger can be seen from the new output and torque figures for the four-cylinder engines, which on the E 200 CDI show an increase of 10 kW/13 hp (approx. 13 per cent) and 15 Newton meters (6.4 per cent) over the previous values. On the E 220 CDI the new VNT turbocharger increases the torque by five per cent, while output is increased by 13 kW/18 hp (14 per cent).
In accordance with the engine speed, the VNT turbocharger alters the cross-sectional area through which the exhaust gas flows, thus optimizing the amount of boost pressure. This dynamic adjustment process makes the best possible use of the exhaust energy and ensures good efficiency over a wide operating range. The boost pressure is optimized across the engine speed range by adjusting the guide vanes inside the turbocharger. At lower engine speeds, they restrict the flow and thus boost pressure is increased; at high engine speeds they open wide and the exhaust back-pressure falls. This design results in a host of advantages:
Higher boost pressure in the lower engine speed range.
Faster turbocharger response (the turbine wheel is brought up to speed faster), with turbolag at low engine speeds largely eliminated.
Higher torque through improved cylinder charging.
Improved full-load smoke behavior since boost pressure is developed earlier.
Improved dynamic boost pressure development.
No boost pressure control valve (waste gate) necessary.
Higher performance through higher boost pressure, reduced exhaust pressure and thus improved load change.